It can be induced by using psychedelic drugs. No clear and singular cause has yet been discovered that explains why synesthesia happens. He also indicated that emotion plays a significant role in synesthesia.’ What Causes Synesthesia? Because they go so quickly, they reveal the automatic responses of a potential synesthete.įor example, if the test-taker selects a specific color that they associate with a number once, and then selects the same color for that number again very quickly, it can show their automatic association between the two.Ī neurologist named Richard Cytowic suggested that, when it comes to diagnosing synesthesia, the evaluator must detect automatic and involuntary associations, and synesthetic perceptions must be consistent over time. Many of these tests are time-sensitive, meaning the test-taker has to answer quickly. Several tests have been devised to discover whether someone has synesthesia. Famous people with synesthesia disorder include Marilyn Monroe, Itzhak Perlman, Duke Ellington, Nikola Tesla, Mickey Hart (The Grateful Dead drummer), and Vincent Van Gogh. Synesthesia is more common in people with autism as well as artistic people, including visual artists, musicians, and actors. The most commonly quoted rate is 2 to 4% of the population, according to a fairly recent study. The most respected study so far was from Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities, and it showed the prevalence at 4.4% of the population. Estimates have ranged from 1 in 25 to 1 in 100,000. The estimated rate of synesthesia varies depending on language and culture. Synesthesia is fairly uncommon, and certain types of synesthesia are even rarer. Mirror-touch synesthesia, in which someone else touches something, and the person feels what the other person physically feels (i.e., experiencing the feeling of warmth while watching a person hover their hands over a mild bonfire). Lexical-gustatory synesthesia - associating a word or phoneme with a certain taste.Īuditory-tactile synesthesia, whereinsounds elicit tactile sensations in various parts of the body (i.e., a screeching noise may cause a cramp in the obliques). Ordinal-linguistic personification, in which a person associates numbers, letters, months, and so forth with certain personality traits (i.e., generosity and January, greed and the number ‘7’). Number-form synesthesia, wherein a person visualizes a number map image when thinking of a number Grapheme-color synesthesia, wherein the person associatesa letter or number with a color (i.e., blue and the number ‘4’) Specific types of associations or projections in synesthesia include: Projective synesthesia involves seeing actual colors, forms, or shapes after a sensory or cognitive stimulation.Īssociative synesthesia involves feeling a strong, involuntary connection between sensory and cognitive stimulation on the one hand, and colors, forms, or shapes on the other. There are two types of synesthesia: projective and associative.
What Are The Types of Synesthesia And Their Characteristics?Įxplore Your Synesthesia With Online Therapy It is atypical, but many synesthetes would object to its label as a disorder because to them, it's just a different way of experiencing life. Synesthesia causes few or no problems for most people who have it.
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Synesthesia is care, but it's not considered a disorder, and it is not listed in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). For example, singers like Stevie Wonder and Billy Joel have previously expressed that they perceive music as a spectrum of color. The word ‘synesthesia’ comes from ancient Greek and means "perceive together." It's a neurological condition in which the stimulation of one sensory or cognitive area brings about another sensory or cognitive experience.
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If you or someone you know has a different way of experiencing the world through their senses, you may benefit from learning about what synesthesia is and how to cope with it. "What color is your seven?" It might seem like a strange question to ask, but If you have synesthesia, you may have an answer.
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